Definition: Soil bearing capacity refers to the maximum vertical load (pressure) that soil can support without failure. It's a crucial property considered during foundation design to ensure the structure's stability. There are two key types of bearing capacity:
Ultimate Bearing Capacity (Qult): This is the theoretical maximum pressure a soil can withstand before shear failure occurs. It's not used directly in design as it doesn't account for settlement.
Allowable Bearing Capacity (Qall): This is the safe working load a soil can support, considering both shear failure and tolerable settlement. It's calculated by dividing the ultimate bearing capacity by a factor of safety (FS).
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